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Andy Warhol’s Marilyn Monroes and the Darker Side of the 60s

April 18, 2022 | FlaglerLive | 4 Comments

Andy Warhol’s Shot Sage Blue Marilyn
Andy Warhol’s Shot Sage Blue Marilyn. (Christie’s)

By Harriet Fletcher

“If you remember the ‘60s, you weren’t really there”. This famous quip says much about our rose-tinted nostalgia for the decade. The fun-loving hedonism of Woodstock and Beatlemania may be etched into cultural memory, but Andy Warhol’s Marilyn Monroe portraits reveal a darker side to the swinging 60s that turns our nostalgia on its head.




Warhol’s iconic Marilyn Monroe portrait Shot Sage Blue Marilyn, due to go on sale at Christie’s in May, is expected to fetch record-breaking bids of $200 million (£153 million), making it the most expensive 20th century artwork ever auctioned. Nearly 60 years after they were first created, Warhol’s portraits of the ill-fated Hollywood star continue to fascinate us.

According to Alex Rotter, Christie’s chairman for 20th and 21st century art, Warhol’s Marilyn is “the absolute pinnacle of American Pop and the promise of the American dream, encapsulating optimism, fragility, celebrity and iconography all at once”.

Hollywood stars were great sources of inspiration for the Pop art movement. Monroe was a recurring motif, not only in the work of Warhol but in the work of his contemporaries, including James Rosenquist’s Marilyn Monroe, I and Pauline Boty’s Colour Her Gone and The Only Blonde in the World.

Mourning Marilyn

Born Norma Jeane Mortenson but renamed Marilyn Monroe by 20th Century Fox, the actress went on to become one of the most illustrious stars of Hollywood history, famed for her roles in classic films like Gentlemen Prefer Blondes and Some Like It Hot. She epitomised the glitzy world of consumerism and celebrity that Pop artists thought was emblematic of 1950s and 1960s American culture.

While Rotter’s statement may be true to some extent, there is also a sinister edge to the Marilyns because many were produced in the months following her unexpected death in 1962.

Three screen prints of Marilyn Monroe.
Called the Shot Sage Blue Marilyn, Warhol created it using his usual screen printing techniques and the shooting a bullet through Marilyn’s forehead.
Christie’s images ltd.

On the surface, the works may look like a tribute to a much-loved icon, but themes of death, decay and even violence lurk within these canvases. Clues can often be found in the production techniques. One of the collection’s most famous pieces, Marilyn Diptych, uses flaws from the silkscreen process to create the effect of a decaying portrait. Warhol’s The Shot Marilyns consists of four canvases shot through the forehead with a single bullet. In this, the creation of Warhol’s art is as important as the artwork itself.



Death and Disaster

At a glance, the surface level glamour of Warhol’s Marilyn immortalises the actress as a blonde bombshell of Hollywood’s bygone era. It is easy to forget the tragedy behind the image, yet part of our enduring fascination with Marilyn Monroe is her tragedy.

Her mental health struggles, her tempestuous personal life and the mystery surrounding her death have been well documented in countless biographies, films and television shows, including Netflix’s documentary The Mystery of Marilyn Monroe: The Unheard Tapes and upcoming biopic Blonde. She epitomises the familiar narrative of the tragic icon that is doomed to keep repeating itself – something that Warhol understood all too well after surviving a shooting by Valerie Solanas in 1968.

The death at the heart of Warhol’s Marilyns is not just rooted in grief but is also a reflection of the wider cultural landscape. The 1960s was a remarkably dark period in 20th century American history. A brief look at the context in which Warhol was producing these images reveals a decade plagued by a series of traumatic events.

Life Magazine published violent photographs of the Vietnam War. Television broadcasts exposed shocking police brutality during civil rights marches. America was shaken by the assassinations of John F Kennedy, Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King Jr. Footage of JFK’s death captured by bystander Abraham Zapruder was repeatedly broadcast on television. Celebrated Hollywood stars were dying young and in tragic circumstances, from Marilyn Monroe and Judy Garland to Jayne Mansfield and Sharon Tate.

A man and woman in a convertible car driving through a crowd.
President John F Kennedy in the limousine in Dallas, Texas, minutes before his assassination.
Dallas Morning News/Wikimedia

This image of the 1960s is echoed by the postmodern theorist Fredric Jameson, who describes the decade as a “virtual nightmare” and a “historical and countercultural bad trip”. Stars like Monroe were not as flawless as they may appear in Warhol’s portraits, but were “notorious cases of burnout and self-destruction”.

Warhol understood this more than anyone. His Death and Disaster series explores the spectacle of death in America and affirms the 1960s as a time of anxiety, terror and crisis. The series consists of a vast collection of silkscreened photographs of real-life disasters including car crashes, suicides and executions taken from newspapers and police archives. Famous deaths are also a central theme of the series, including portraits of Marilyn Monroe, Elizabeth Taylor and Jackie Kennedy – all of whom are associated with significant deaths or near-death experiences.




Death and Disaster came about in 1962 when Warhol’s collaborator Henry Geldzahler suggested that the artist should stop producing “affirmation of life” and instead explore the dark side of American culture:

Maybe everything isn’t always so fabulous in America. It’s time for some death. This is what’s really happening.

He handed Warhol a copy of the New York Daily News, which led to the first disaster painting 129 Die in Jet!.

The recent hype around the auctioning of the Marilyn portrait reveals as much about our time as it does about our nostalgia for the 1960s. We choose to remember the decade in all its glorious technicolour, but uncovering its darker moments provides room for reconsideration. Perhaps Warhol’s Marilyn is not just a symbol of the swinging 60s, but an artefact from a time that was as turbulent and uncertain as our own.

Harriet Fletcher is Associate Lecturer in English and History at Lancaster University.


The Conversation arose out of deep-seated concerns for the fading quality of our public discourse and recognition of the vital role that academic experts could play in the public arena. Information has always been essential to democracy. It’s a societal good, like clean water. But many now find it difficult to put their trust in the media and experts who have spent years researching a topic. Instead, they listen to those who have the loudest voices. Those uninformed views are amplified by social media networks that reward those who spark outrage instead of insight or thoughtful discussion. The Conversation seeks to be part of the solution to this problem, to raise up the voices of true experts and to make their knowledge available to everyone. The Conversation publishes nightly at 9 p.m. on FlaglerLive.

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Reader Interactions

Comments

  1. Eileen Gernet says

    April 18, 2022 at 10:04 pm

    I can actually see your point. Most of his work has that same sinister quality.Perhaps sarcastic is more appropriate. Side note, my Aunt’s mother was Andy Warhol ‘s cousin. Sarcasm must have run into the family. Another side note Bishop Law was the same Aunt’s father’s cousin. Quite the family. She is my favorite aunt and I loved all of her family.

    Reply
  2. Gina Weiss says

    April 18, 2022 at 11:38 pm

    While working in Public Relations for fashion designers in my young adult years in NYC I had the pleasure of meeting Andy Warhol on several occasions, he was a very quiet and shy person you were lucky to get 2 words out of him. I remember him always observing people like he was on the outside looking in. His artwork was much more than what meets the eye, he was making a political statement on consumerism and the political atmosphere of the times. One of his most famous quotes was that everyone will be recognized for 15 minutes. He was a genius, just look at your social media.

    Reply
    • Bill C says

      April 19, 2022 at 4:39 pm

      Agreed, although the quote was “everyone will be famous for 15 minutes”. The SOHO and East Village art scene of the ’60’s ushered in a new aesthetic and world vision. (And you could rent a loft there for $250 a month, the same places now sell for tens of millions).

      Reply
      • Gina Weiss says

        April 20, 2022 at 11:29 am

        Yep, that’s what happens when the rich corporate guys move in which is why the artist moved out since it became commercialized, many of the artist moved to downtown Brooklyn, I witnessed the whole renaissance from growing up in an area of mostly factories, in fact I think my building was the only residential one on my block, to the artist moving into these factories when they were closed down, the artist wanted a large space to work which was then a quiet neighborhood and liked to stay up till the wee hours of the morning working on their art. When the “fashion” icons came in with their entoutage it all changed very quickly. I worked in one of the clothing stores “Nana Of Soho” and there was the Louis Miesel Art Gallery right nextdoor who promoted such artworks as photo realism. It was really something to see Boy George, Cher, Sandra Bullock and other celebs just walking around casually among the neighborhood crowd.

        Reply
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